What is Biofeedback?

Biofeedback is a process that enables an individual to learn how to change physiological activity for the purposes of improving health and performance. Precise instruments measure physiological activity such as brainwaves, heart function, breathing, muscle activity, and skin temperature. These instruments rapidly and accurately "feed back" information to the user. The presentation of this information — often in conjunction with changes in thinking, emotions, and behavior — supports desired physiological changes. Over time, these changes can endure without continued use of an instrument.

This is the definition adopted by BCIA, AAPB and ISNR May 18, 2008.

Biofeedback is a non-invasive form of treatment. The therapist attaches sensors or electrodes to the body and these sensors provide a variety of readings--feedback--which is displayed on the equipment for the patient to see. The signals typically measure skin temperature, muscle tension and/or brainwave function. With this information, patients can learn to make changes so subtle that at first they cannot be consciously perceived. With practice, however, the new responses and behaviors can help to bring relief and improvement to a variety of disorders.

Through biofeedback a person experiencing migraines can learn to ward off headaches. A person who experienced a stroke may regain muscle use. Children and adults diagnosed with ADD or ADHD may see improved concentration and control. People with urinary or fecal incontinence or other pelvic floor disorders can achieve improved bladder control. Individuals with stress-related disorders learn to relax and improve their overall health.

What is Neurofeedback?
Neurofeedback is a type of biofeedback, often called EEG Biofeedback or brain wave training. Dr. Cory Hammond wrote an informative, article entitled "What is Neurofeedback" that explains more about the modality and will answer many of your questions.

Definition of Neurofeedback Training Like other forms of biofeedback, NFT uses monitoring devices to provide moment-to-moment information to an individual on the state of their physiological functioning. The characteristic that distinguishes NFT from other biofeedback is a focus on the central nervous system and the brain. Neurofeedback training (NFT) has its foundations in basic and applied neuroscience as well as data-based clinical practice. It takes into account behavioral, cognitive, and subjective aspects as well as brain activity. Thus, it meets the American Psychological Association's definition of an evidence-based intervention since NFT is "...the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preference."